Comparing the University-Government-Industry interactions in Amirkabir and Malek Ashtar technological universities: a scientometric study

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A in Management of Technology, Faculty of Management and Industrial Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Management and Industrial Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran,

3 Assistant Professor, Technology and Innovation Research Group, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: University, industry, and government are well-known for their critical roles in business flourishing and other innovation-related processes for developing a knowledge-based economy. The synergy between these three units will facilitate innovation and knowledge development as well as maintain the dynamics of innovation. In this regard, the bilateral and trilateral relation between these units is a pertinent factors for developing innovation and a knowledge-based economy. Triple helix matrix (THM) is one the most endeavored method for studying these relations. In this model, university, industry, and government have other tasks different from their old-style tasks, e.g. universities will develop local innovation clusters with key roles in economic development. Also, research groups in universities will help develop a ‘firms network’ which is a critical factor for having entrepreneurial universities. Scientific production is an indicator of the growth and development of any country and is one of the indicators of scientometrics. The university is known as the center of knowledge production, and most of the scientific publications of a country are written by academics. The difference between a country like Iran and many developed and even developing countries is the distance between the level of cooperation of the three sectors of THM (university, industry, and government) in scientific publications.
Methodology: In this research, we have focused on two technological universities in Iran (Malek Ashtar University of Technology and Amirkabir University of Technology) to compare the status of science production, and their interactions with industry and government. This research, as a case study of scientometrics based on ISI articles published by Malek Ashtar University of Technology and Amirkabir University of Technology, tries to examine and compare the interactions of these two universities with industry and government. Data were extracted from the WoS database in the period 2014-2019.
Results: Based on the obtained results, Amirkabir University published more articles (total number of 12323 versus 1996), while the growth rate of publication for Malek Ashtar University of Technology was higher in the studied range (224% growth rate). The bilateral and trilateral relations showed dynamic interactions in the case of Amirkabir University. Besides, the university-government interaction was more profound (roughly four times) than the university-industry bilateral interaction. Amirkabir University also showed better trilateral relations (total number of 98) than Malek Ashtar University of Technology in the studied range.
Conclusion: Reasons for the better synergy of Amirkabir University are establishing growth centers, university-based knowledge-based companies, and the existence of a long-term plan. Also, The results of the present study showed that the level of scientific production in the two universities of Amirkabir and the Malek Ashtar University of Technology has increased. As can be seen, for five years, academics were responsible for the main production of scientific publications and confirmed that the university is the main institution for the production of science. When the center of research and production of science is in the university, there will be a large gap between the industrial needs of the country and scientific production, and the process of scientific production is linear and will not meet the problems and demands of society. Findings show that more efforts are needed to improve the interactions between the three sectors because more interaction between these sectors is one of the criteria for development. In this regard, it is suggested that universities turn from basic research to applied research needed by the industry to be able to meet industrial needs and play an active role in development. The role of policy-making in improving interactions is also critical, and the results of scientometric studies are useful in this area. The government, as a connector, must first gain the mutual trust of industry and university and then bring universities and industry closer together by making appropriate policies. Also, to draw a scientific map, the government can use scientometric studies in various fields of science; it helps make policy and identify strengths and weaknesses.
 

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References

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