Analysis of Scientific Products in the Field of Physical Activity of Students Focusing on the Physical Characteristics of Outdoor Space in Primary Schools: A Systematic Review

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran .

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: Currently, the issue of children's physical activity in primary schools has been neglected in the field of scientometrics. So far, no combined bibliometric analysis has examined the physical activity of children in the open space of schools in Iran or the world. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate scientific products in physical activity in schools and physical characteristics of open spaces using keyword co-occurrence of analysis.
Methodology: Using the scientometrics approach, content analysis method, and systematic review and co-occurrence of keywords technique, Scopus and Pubmed databases were examined using VOSViewer software. The method used in this research was done in two steps. In the first step, the most frequent words and identification of the areas addressed to this topic and the areas with little reference, a comprehensive search strategy for selecting scientific products in consultation with a child psychology and physical education expert from the "Scopos" database by entering the keywords of physical activity, children, elementary /primary school, schoolyard and open space/outdoor without restrictions in the field and until the 21 November 2021. In order to identify the contexts related to the topic, after removing the unrelated words, the remaining 76 keywords were drawn and analyzed by the co-occurrence network of words in "VOS Viewer" version 16.6.1 software. The obtained 10 clusters (domains) were named with the assistance of an expert in the field of architecture of educational space architecture. Additionally, high-frequency words and areas related to the subject that were, highly cited and less cited areas related to the subject were identified. In the second step, after identifying the field of "school bodies" as one of the less cited fields in the scientific productions of children's physical activity, with the aim of focusing on the field of "elementary school body", the desired scientific products from the two databases "Scopos" and "PubMed", 165 sources were extracted. Highly cited journals, countries, highly authored scholars, and their co-authorship network, as well as the methods and tools used in this 125 scientific production, were evaluated.
Findings: "VOS Viewer" software identified 10 clusters by analyzing the keywords of abstracts of scientific productions about physical activity in primary schools. "Nutrition and Health" and "Physical Education" were identified as the most domains , while "Schoolyard Body" fell into the category of less paid domains. The systematic review of scientific studies on the physical characteristics of primary schools and physical activity revealed  that the increase in emissions after 2019 has resulted in a significant decline. Also, the top 5 journals with the most publications in the field of physical activity among students and the physical characteristics of the open spaces of primary schools were identified. "Preventive Medicine" and "BMC Public Health" journals ranked first, while the "Journal of Physical Activity and Health" ranked second. The United States and the "United Kingdom" have the largest number of publications, while the share of Asian countries and Iran has been minimal. The co-authorship network revealed that several English authors dominate the literature in this field. Among the methods used in the reviewed studies, the survey method was the most commonly used. Out of the total, 53% of the articles utilized the survey method, with 67 articles employing the cross-sectional survey  method and 27 articles utilising the longitudinal survey method. After that, the quasi-experimental method (control group), correlation method, and quasi-experimental method (pre and post tests) were ranked third, fourth, and fifth. Also, the findings from the review of the tools used in the studies showed that the device was assigned the highest rank among the tools for measuring children's physical activity in 76 studies (18.44%). Meanwhile, in 64 studies, accelerometers were used, while Global Positioning System (GPS) was used in 14 studies. Heart Rate telemetry (HR) was used in 9 studies, pedometers in 8 studies, and Geographic Information System (GIS) in 3 articles. After that, the observation system was used in 56 articles (55.32%). The System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) had the highest frequency among the observation tools used in the reviewed studies.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study highlights the importance of addressing the state of education in Iran, as there is a low trend of scientific production. These findings will assist future researchers in identifying research gaps, saving time by avoiding repetitive topics, and taking necessary steps to address these gaps.

Keywords

References

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