Mapping the Intellectual Structure in Cultural Heritage Conservation: Co-Occurrence Analysis

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Isfahan University of Art, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

3 PhD Student of Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Isfahan University of Art, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to map the intellectual structure of the subject categories of Cultural Heritage Conservation articles indexed in the AATA online database.
Methodology: This applied research was conducted using clustering and Co-occurrence Analysis. The statistical population for the research includes all subject categories of articles indexed in the AATA database from 1800 to 2020. The "Ward" method was utilized for hierarchical clustering. Data analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS software. VOSviewer, UCINET, and RavarPrimap software were employed to visualize the co-occurrence network of topics.
Findings: The results revealed that the subject of "architectural conservation" was the most frequent topic. The topics "pigments, colors, and paintings", "archaeological conservation and "preventive conservation, and general topics" were ranked second to fourth with frequencies of 15517, 14063, and 11518, respectively. The pair "Architecture Protection**Stone and related construction materials" was the most common theme in terms of co-occurrence. Additionally, the pairs "Archaeological Conservation** Ceramics, Glass, and Glaze" and "Archaeological Conservation** Metals and Metallurgical Byproducts" were ranked second and third with 2099 and 273 repetitions, respectively. Hierarchical clustering, using the "Ward" method, resulted in the formation of 8 thematic clusters. The cluster "Studies focused on the type of protected material included 49 topics, was the largest cluster. Other clusters included "theories and history" with 8 topics, "knowledge of techniques and materials and evaluation of treatment methods" with 26 subjects, "emergency Restoration and Risk Analysis" with 20 topics, "Archaeological Conservation and Conservation Studies of Egypt" with 15 topics, "pathology and conservation of earthen architecture" with 14 topics, "Historical Concrete (Sarouj) 5 topics, and "Historical Conservation Resources" with 5 topics.
Conclusion: "Architectural Conservation, "Pigments, Paints, and Paintings, "Archaeological Conservation, and "Preventive Conservation" were among the topics of interest in the field of cultural heritage conservation. The results of the co-occurrence analysis showed that the clusters of "Identification techniques and materials and evaluation of treatment methods" and "Historic Conservation Resources" were considered central, mature, and well-developed. These clusters have played a central role in cultural heritage conservation research. The clusters of "Archaeological Conservation and Conservation Studies of Egypt" and "Pathology and Conservation of Earthen Architecture" were not central but considered well-developed clusters. Although the clusters "Studies focused on the type of protected materials" and "Emergency conservation and risk assessment central role in cultural heritage conservation research, they were deemed immature. The clusters "Theories and History" and "Historical Concrete" received less attention in research.
The results of mapping the intellectual structure using co-occurrence analysis showed that the highest centrality degree was assigned to thematic categories of "Archaeological Conservation, "Pigments, Paints, and Paintings, and "Architectural Conservation. This means that these subject areas had the most influence on the map. Consequently, these areas were deemed crucial in the thematic structure of the field of cultural heritage conservation. Betweenness centrality also indicates the importance of a node in terms of its position on the map and information transmission in the network. According to the results, the subject categories with the highest centrality were "metals and metallurgical products, "preventive protection and general issues, and "non-cellular natural organic materials (resins, varnish, wax, gum, oils...). these thematic categories played a significant role in information transmission in the thematic network of cultural heritage conservation. Conversely, the centrality index of the issues in the field of cultural heritage conservation was very similar. This outcome suggests that different topics have a similar level of influence in the network.

Keywords

References

 
احمدی، ح.، سلیمی، ع.، و زنگیشه، ا. (1392). علم‌سنجی، خوشه‌بندی و نقشه دانش تولیدات علمی ادبیات ‌تطبیقی در ایران. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی کاوش‌نامه ادبیات‌تطبیقی، (3)11، 1-28. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20160309130053-10052-71.pdf
اخوان صفار، م.، صدر، م. م.، و اجوردی، س. ع. (1401). تحلیل نقشه علمی و مصورسازی پژوهش‌های منتشرشده در نشریه پژوهش در یادگیری آموزشگاهی و مجازی با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی‌. پژوهش‌نامه علم‌سنجی. (9)2، (پاییز و زمستان)، 297- 328. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2023.16485.1602
امامی، م.، ریاحی‌نیا، ن.، و سهیلی، ف. (1399). ترسیم ساختار علمی حوزه تجهیزات پزشکی و آزمایشگاهی با استفاده از تحلیل هم‌رخدادی واژگان. پژوهش‌نامه علم‌سنجی، 41-56. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2018.696  
جواهری، م.، وکیلی منفرد، ح.، امیری، م. ر.، و خاصه، ع. ا. (1400). ترسیم و تحلیل نقشه دانش حوزه پژوهش‌های زنان و زایمان با استفاده از تحلیل هم‌رخدادی‌واژگان. پژوهش‌نامه علم‌سنجی، 7(2)، 137-156. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2020.5289.1359  
خطیر، ا. (1397). تحلیل روند علمی کشور و پیش‌بینی فناوری با استفاده از روش‌های یادگیری ماشین، مورد مطالعه: سامانه گنج [رساله دکتری منتشر نشده]. پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران.
سوری، ف.، نوروزی، ی.، فامیل روحانی، ع. ا.، و زارعی، ع. (1399). ترسیم نقشه علمی تولیدات پژوهشگران هنر و معماری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی در پایگاه وب‌آووساینس. پژوهش‌نامه علم‌سنجی، (11)6، 127-148. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2019.4377.1286
سهیلی، ف.، شعبانی، ع.، و خاصه، ع. ا. (1395). ساختار فکری دانش در حوزه رفتار اطلاعاتی. تعامل انسان و اطلاعات، 36-21. http://hii.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2446-fa.html
سهیلی، ف.، و عصاره، ف. (1392). مفاهیم مرکزیت و تراکم در شبکه‌های علمی و اجتماعی. مطالعات کتابداری و سازماندهی اطلاعات، 95، 92-109. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20140617100622-9556-111.pdf
عابدی جعفری، ح.، ابویی اردکانی، م.، آقازاده ده‌ده، ف.، و دلبری راغب، ف. (1390). روش‌شناسی ترسیم نقشه‌های علم: مطالعه موردی ترسیم نقشه علم مدیریت دولتی. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی روش‌شناسی علوم‌انسانی، 17(66)، 53-69. https://www.sid.ir/paper/88280/fa
محمد علیپور، ن.، و درودی، ف. (1390). خوشه‌بندی اطلاعات. فصلنامه کتاب، 2(21)، 161-180. https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/844648/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA
مصاحبیان نایینی، م.، زارع احمدآبادی، ح.، ناصر صدر آبادی، ع. ر. (1394). پیش‌بینی آینده نگری تولید علم در مدیریت کیفیت خدمات بانکی [کنفرانس بین‌المللی مدیریت، اقتصاد و مهندسی صنایع]، 27-37. تهران: مؤسسه مدیران ایده‌پرداز پایتخت ویر.
مظفر، ف.، احمدی، ف.، و سد پور، ع. (1392). تحلیل کمی مقالات مرمت در نشریات ترویجی- تخصصی کشور از سال 1380 تا 1390. مرمت و معماری ایران، (3)5، 117-126. http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-۱-۸۸۷-fa.html
مکّی‌زاده، ف.، نایب مهدی‌آبادی، ن.، زال‌زاده، ا.، و توکلی‌زاده راوری، م. (1396). شناسایی موضوعات نوظهور در حوزه ژنتیک: یک تحلیل علم‌سنجی. مجله علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، 25(4)، 252-263. http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-4063-fa.html
مؤمنی، ع.، باباآغائی، س.، و اسدی، س. (1398). کشف ساختار درونی مطالعات روانشناسی مثبت به‌روش متن‌کاوی. فصلنامه مطالعات دانش‌شناسی، 5(18)، 1-31. https://doi.org/10.22054/JKS.2019.43433.1231
میرعالی بزرگ، ه. (1396). مطالعه توسعه فناوری موادهای فتوولتائیک بر پایه تحلیل اختراع [پایان‌نامه کارشناسی‌ارشد منتشر نشده]. دانشگاه یزد، پردیس علوم انسانی و اجتماعی.
نجار لشگری، س.، زارعی، ه.، خلخالی، ع.، و پالی، س. (140۲). ترسیم نقشه ساختاری دانش مدیریت آموزشی در ایران: تحلیل هم‌رخدادی واژگان. پژوهش‌نامه علم‌سنجی‌، (‌9) 17، (بهار و تابستان).  ۳۸۷- ۴۰۸. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2021.14863.1517
نگهبان، م. ب.، و رمضانی‌فر، هدی. (1396). مقایسه نقشه علمی ایران با نقشه جهانی علم جهت تعیین حوزه‌های بین‌رشته‌ای. مجله علم‌سنجی کاسپین، 14-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22088/cjs.4.2.14  
نوروزی چاکلی، ع. (1390). آشنایی با علم سنجی (مبانی، مفاهیم، روابط و ریشه‌ها). تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین (سمت)، مرکز تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی؛ دانشگاه شاهد، مرکز چاپ و انتشارات.
واشقانی فراهانی، ف.، اسماعیلی، ل.، هاشمی گلپایگانی، س. ع. ر.، و عبادی ابوذر، ز. (1395). چارچوبی برای استخراج شبکه و تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی. [هشتمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی فناوری اطلاعات و دانش]، (اسفند).
 AATA Online. (2021). Retrieved from Getty Conservation Institute. https://aata.getty.edu/primo-explore/search?vid=AATA
Abedi Jafari, H., Abooyee Ardakan, M., Aghazadeh, F., & Delbari Ragheb, F. (2011). Methodology of drawing the maps of science: A case study on public management science map. Metodology of Sicial Science and Humanities, 17(66), 53-69. https://www.sid.ir/paper/88280/fa [In Persian].
Ahmadi, H., Salimi, A., & Zangishe, E. (2013). Scientometrics, clustering and mapping the knowledge of scientific products of comparative literature in Iran. Exploration of natural literature, 3(11), 1-28. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20160309130053-10052-71.pdf [In Persian].
Akhavan-Safar, M., Sadr, M. M., & Lajevardi, S. A. (2023). Scientific map analysis and visualization of articles published in the journal of research in school and virtual learning using the social networks analysis approach. Scientometrics Research Journal, 9(2), (autumn & Winter). https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2023.16485.1602 [In Persian].
Barbosa, M. (2005). Shared legacy, Common Responsiblity. An International Congress World Heritage. (Nuvember), Italy: Venice, 14-16, 191p.
Bedford, D. A. (2013). Knowledge Management Education and Training in Academic Institutions in 2012. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, 12(4), 17-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0219649213500299
Bozkurt, İ., Deniz, G., & Günden, Y. (2022). A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications within the Scope of Cultural Heritage Tourism and Digitalization. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University SBE Journal, Digitalization Special Issue. 166-184. https:/doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1123393
Chang, Y., Huang, M., & Lin, C. (2015). Evaluation of research subjects in library and information science based on keyword, bibilografical coupling, and co-citation analyses. Scientometrics, 2071-2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1762-8
Chen, J., Guo, Z., Xu, S., Law, R., Liao, C., He, W., & Zhang, M. (2022). A bibliometric analysis of research on intangible cultural heritage tourism using CiteSpace: The perspective of China. Land, 11(12), 2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122298
Chiari, G., Golfomitsou, S., Malifitana, D., Mirambet, F., Pezzati, L., Pina, F., & Tennent, N. (2013). Survey of Conservation Literature 1992-2012. Rom: ICCROM FORUM on Conservation Science, (October), 16-18, Rom. 91p. https://www.iccrom.org/sites/default/files/2017-11/iccrom-forum-2013-on-conservation-science-full-report-final.pdf
Emami, M., Riahinia, N., & Soheili, F. (2020). Mapping the Scientific Structure of Medical and Laboratory Equipment with Using the Co-occurrence Analysis. Scientometric research journal, 6(11), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2018.696 [In Persian].
Golfomitsou, S. (2016). Educating Future Professionals in Conservation Science: The challenges of an interdisciplinary field. Studeis in Conservatio, 60(2) , 39-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2015.1117864
Heritage, A., & Golfomitsou, S. (2016). Conservation science: Reflections and future perspectives. studies in conservation, 60(2), 2-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2015.1117858
Javaheri, M., Vakilimofrad, H., Amiri, M., & Khasseh, A. (2021). Mapping Knowledge Structure of Obstetrics and Gynecology studies: A Co-Word Analysis. Scientometrics research journal, 7(14), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2020.5289.1359 [In Persian].
Khatir, A. (2019). Analysis of the country's scientific trend and technology forecasting using machine learning methods, case study: Samane Ganj [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Tehran: Research Institute of Information Science and Technology of Iran. [In Persian].
Makkizadeh, F., Nayeb Mahdiabadi, N., Zalzadeh, E., & Tavakkoizadeh Ravari, M. (2017). Identifying Emerging Topics in the Field of Genetics: A Scientometrics Analysis. Journal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, 25(4), 252 – 263. http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-4063-fa.html [In Persian].
Michalski, S. (2016). Tools for assessing needs and impacts. Studies in Conservation, 60, 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2015.1117862
Miraali Bozorg, H. (2018). A Study of the Development of Photovoltaic Generators Technology Based on Patent Analysis [Unpublished master thesis]. Yazd University. [In Persian].
Mohammadalipoor, N., & Doroudi, F. (2010). Information Clustering. Librarianship and Informaion Organization Studies, 21(2), 161-180. https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/844648/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA [In Persian].
Momeni, E., Asadi, S., & Baba Aghaii, S. (2019). Exploring the Intellectual Structure of Positive Psychology Using Text Mining. Journal of Knowledge Retrieval and Semantic Systems, 6(18), 1 – 31. https://doi.org/10.22054/JKS.2019.43433.1231 [In Persian].
Mosahebian Nayini, M., Zare Ahmedabadi, H., & Nasser Sadrabadi, A. (2014). Predicting the future of science production in bank service quality management. [Conference presentation], International Conference on Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
Mozaffar, F., Ahmadi, F., & Asadpour, A. (2012). Quantitative analysis of restoration articles in specialized promotional publications of the country from 1380 to 1390. Scientific Journal of Restoration and Architecture of Iran, 3(5), 117-126. http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-۱-۸۸۷-fa.html [In Persian].
Najjar Lashgari, S., Zarei, H., Khalkhali, A., & Pali, S. (2023). Mapping the Intellectual Structure in the Field of Educational Management in Iran: Co-Word Analysis. Scientometrics Research Journal, 9 (Issue 1, spring & summer), 387-408. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2021.14863.1517 [In Persian].
Negahban, M.B., & Ramezanifar, H. (2018). A Comparative Study between the Scientific Map of Iran and Global Scientific Map to Identify the Interdisciplinary Fields. Caspian Journal of Scientometrics, 4(2), 14 - 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22088/cjs.4.2.14 [In Persian].
Noroozi Chakoli, A.| (2014). Introduction to scientometrics: (Foundations, Concepts, Relations & Origings). Tehran: SAMT; Shahed University. [In Persian].
Otero, J. (2021). Heritage Conservation Future: Where we stand, Challenges Ahead, and a Paradigm shift. Global Challenges. 6(1), 2-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202100084
Shvindina, H. (2019). Coopetition as an Emerging Trend in Research: Perspectives for Safety & Security. Safety. 5, 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5030061
Soheili, F., Shaban, A., & Khase, A. (2016). Intellectual Structure of Knowledge in Information Behavior: A Co-Word Analysis. Human Information Interaction. 2(4), 21-36. http://hii.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2446-fa.html [In Persian].
Soheili, F., & Osareh, F. (2013). Concepts of centrality and density in scientific and social network. Librarianship and Information Organization Studies. 24(3), 92-108. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20140617100622-9556-111.pdf  [In Persian].
Sory, F., Norouzi, Y., FamilRohani, A., & Zarei, A. (2020). Drawing the scientific map of Islamic Azad university researchers’ products in the field of Art and Architect in Web of Science site. Scientometrics research journal, 6(11), 127-148. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2019.4377.1286 [In Persian].
Vashghani Farahani, F., Esmaili, L., Hashemi Golpaigani, A. & Ebadi Abuzar, Z. (2015). A framework for network mining and social network analysis [Conference Presentation]. 8th International Conference on Information Technology and Knowledge, Tehran: Iran. https://www.sid.ir/seminar/170/fa [In Persian].
Yıldırım, İ., Deniz, G., & Dalkılıç, F. (2022). Bibliometric analysis of publications within the scope of cultural heritage tourism. Tourism for a better world, Vol 2, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5038/9781955833103
Zhu, Z., Yao, X., Qin, Y., Lu, Zh‌., Ma, Q., Zhao, X., & Liu, L. (2022). Visualization and mapping of literature on the scientific analysis of wall paintings: a bibliometric analysis from 2011 to 2021. Heritage Science, 10(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00735-0

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics