Analysis of the Scientific Collaboration Network of Iranian Researchers in COVID-19 Studies

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A in Knowledge & Information Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Knowledge & Information Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge & Information Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed significant global challenges, leading to irreversible changes in daily life and economic performance. To manage this crisis, the scientific community intensified research and development efforts, prioritizing COVID-19 studies worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) encouraged countries and research institutions to collaborate closely in updating empirical evidence. Iran was significantly affected by the epidemic in various ways. Concurrently, extensive efforts were made in Iran, alongside other nations, to combat the disease. In this context, it is important to study and clarify the role Iranian researchers played in developing COVID-19 studies. This study aims to analyze the network of scientific collaboration among Iranian researchers in the field of COVID-19.
Methodology: This applied research employed social network analysis to examine the co-authorship network of researchers using social network metrics. The study population comprised all articles related to COVID-19 authored by at least one Iranian researcher and indexed in the Scopus database from the onset of the pandemic until May 2022. A total of 7,943 articles by Iranian researchers, indexed in Scopus from 2019 to 2022, were analyzed. UCINET software was used to calculate the network's macro and micro indices, while VOSviewer software was utilized to visualize the collaboration network of Iranian COVID-19 researchers.
Findings: The results indicated that the five most prolific authors were Nima Rezaei (142 articles), Amirhossein Sahebkar (72 articles), Payam Tabarsi (62 articles), Amir Pakpour Hajagha (45 articles), and Alireza Zali (40 articles). The universities with the highest number of publications were Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The journal with the most publications (80 articles) was International Immunopharmacology. The scientific collaboration network of Iranian researchers in the field of COVID-19 consists of 467 nodes, 19 clusters, and 4,003 links, with the largest cluster comprising 43 researchers. Additionally, Iran has established strong connections with countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom, with 99 links and an overall link strength of 6,650. However, the network density was low, with only 2.8% of potential collaborations realized. The results also showed that the network’s clustering coefficient was greater than 1. Regarding the average path length of the COVID-19 collaboration network, any two researchers in the network could be connected through an average of 3.088 intermediary nodes, indicating that most connections among researchers were direct rather than indirect. The degree centrality was 40.636, and the network’s concentration index was 1.581%, with Tabarsi and Jamati having the highest co-authorship and being the most participatory and active researchers in this field. In terms of betweenness centrality, the results showed that researchers in this network held leadership and intermediary positions 94.8% of the time, which is significant. Among them, researchers such as Jafari (12,132.229) and Tabarsi (7,805.717) emerged as key intermediaries. The average closeness centrality of the network was 33.150. Tabarsi, Salehi, and Zali, who had the highest closeness centrality, demonstrated greater influence within the network. Consequently, universities, research centers, and policymakers should pay special attention to these individuals and groups, effectively utilizing their capacities and abilities.
Conclusion: The scientific collaboration network of Iranian researchers in the field of COVID-19 exhibits low cohesion, with a significant portion of collaborations dependent on a limited number of active researchers. While prolific researchers played a crucial role in maintaining network cohesion, they did not establish extensive connections with other researchers. Only a few active researchers acted as intermediaries within the network. Planning and implementing supportive and incentive measures could strengthen scientific collaborations and improve network cohesion in the future. Given the values of the clustering coefficient and network density, the current network can be considered a small-world network, indicating a strong tendency among researchers for future collaborations. Based on these findings, universities and research centers should create opportunities for less active researchers to connect with more influential ones, fostering new scientific partnerships. This approach can significantly advance knowledge in this field. Additionally, leveraging the experiences of researchers who participated in international COVID-19 collaboration groups, particularly during critical periods, could help the country’s scientific policymakers in actively removing barriers to international collaborations between Iranian researchers and their global counterparts, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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