Scholarly Analysis and Knowledge Dy-namics of Global Water Crisis Re-search: Co-word Patterns and Concep-tual Clusters

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran,

2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Razi Univer-sity, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study is to identify key concepts, research patterns, conceptual clusters, and the knowledge network structure within the global water crisis domain.
Methodology: This applied research employs a scientometric approach to analyze the conceptual structure of global studies on the water crisis. Using Utilizing analysis, it identifies relationships among key terms, while the K-means clustering technique organizes related concepts into thematic clusters. The study is based on a dataset of 23,980 articles retrieved from the Web of Science database, covering the period from 2000 to 2024. Data analysis was conducted using UCINET, NetDraw, and VOSviewer software, which enabled visualization of conceptual networks and the assessment of centrality metrics (degree, betweenness, and closeness). These methods helped facilitate the identification of emerging concepts, reveal interconnections, and provide a structured understanding of the current research landscape and gaps in the field of water crisis studies.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed that the concepts water stress, water, and drought had the highest frequency among the examined scientific documents. Furthermore, concepts such as water scarcity, water quality, water pollution, and climate change were also significantly repeated in the research literature. According to the results of this study, more than 100 new concepts related to the water crisis have emerged in the past decade. Clustering results indicate that the water crisis can be categorized into 11 conceptual clusters. The first cluster, with 769 concepts, is the largest and focuses on the topic of drought. The second cluster (570 concepts) centers on water quality, and the third cluster (493 concepts) is dedicated to water resource management. In total, research in this field forms 8 independent clusters. Although the ninth cluster shares some similarities with the third cluster, their differences distinguish them from one another. The tenth and eleventh clusters, with a limited number of concepts, indicate less research focus on these areas. The conceptual network analysis of this domain was conducted based on 3,005 nodes and 9,450 links. The average network density was 0.0335, with each concept linked to an average of 101 other concepts. According to the degree centrality index, the concepts water (7,080), water stress (6,551), and drought (4,027) play the most significant roles. Additionally, concepts such as water scarcity, water quality, "Water Consumption, water pollution, and climate change exhibit high connectivity. The average degree centrality was 101.342 with a standard deviation of 265.340, and the network concentration was 1.461%, indicating a relatively balanced distribution of connections. Based on the betweenness centrality index, the concepts water (13.121), water stress (9.057), and drought (4.847) play a key role in connecting concepts. The overall network concentration was 13.09% with a standard deviation of 0.343. In the closeness centrality index, the concepts water (69.620), water stress (66.005), and drought (62.039) showed the highest proximity, while the average for this index was 46.212. The most significant co-occurrences with link strength include efficiency–water (158), sanitation–water (129), water stress–drought (105), climate change–water scarcity (104), and pollution–water (98).
Conclusion: The water crisis is a multidimensional and complex concept that requires thorough examination from various perspectives. This study, employing co-word and conceptual network analysis, has explored the knowledge structure within this domain. The findings indicate that key concepts such as water stress, drought, water scarcity, water quality, and climate change constitute the core of research in this field. Additionally, the emergence of new concepts reflects the dynamism and evolution of this scientific domain in addressing complex challenges like climate change and the need for sustainable water resource management. These concepts represent the scientific community's efforts to develop effective and practical solutions. Concept clustering results reveal that research in the water crisis domain primarily focuses on central topics such as drought, water quality, and water resource management; however, attention has also been given to emerging and more specialized topics, including the impact of heatwaves and groundwater management. The diversity of conceptual clusters illustrates the inherent complexity of the water crisis and underscores the need for further research, particularly in environmental sustainability and innovative water technologies, to achieve comprehensive and efficient solutions. In summary, the water crisis is a multifaceted phenomenon rooted in the complex interplay of human, natural, and climatic factors. This complexity has driven significant growth in related research. However, the findings reveal that the conceptual network within this domain remains somewhat fragmented, with considerable potential to establish more meaningful connections between concepts and strengthen its theoretical coherence.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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