ترسیم ساختار دانش مطالعات حوزه سیاست‌گذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری با استفاده از تحلیل های هم رخدادی واژگان

Purpose: The aim of this study was to Mapping and analysis the knowledge Structure of Science, Technology, and Innovation policy making Studies with the use co-occurrence network. Understanding the trends in the literature related to science, technology, and innovation policy making allows policymakers to have a broader perspective on important global issues. Additionally, researchers can gain insight into the most popular topics in this field and navigate within the boundaries of knowledge in science, technology, and innovation policy making.
Methodology: The current research is a descriptive study that was conducted using scientometric indicators and documentary and social network analysis methods. The research population includes 3868 articles and reviews written in the years 1969-2023 in the field of science, technology, and innovation policy making. Research data was collected on June 3, 2023, by referring to the Web of Science database (Clarivate Analytics product). Microsoft Excel software was used to analyze the research data and draw the geographical distribution map. In addition, Vosviewer software was used to visualize the co-occurrence network of paper in the field of science, technology, and innovation policy making, and to clean and remove unrelated keywords, Gephi was applied.
Findings: The number of published articles on the topic of science, technology, and innovation policy making has been increasing. Among the countries, USA, England, China, Netherlands, and Germany had the highest number of published documents in this field. The investigation of journal publications revealed that the Sustainability Journal, with 89 articles, the Environmental Science Policy Journal, with 74 articles, and the Journal of Cleaner Production, with 69 articles, had the most publications related to science, technology, and innovation policymaking. The co-occurrence network in this field consists of 221 nodes and 8035 unique links, and the most frequently occurring keywords among these nodes include science, policy, policy making, innovation, government, and technology. Furthermore, over the past five years, topics such as covid-19, big data, sustainable development, data science, citizen science, circular economy, urbanization, energy transition and co2 emissions have been extensively discussed. The co-occurrence network in the field of science, technology, and innovation policy making consists of five clusters: sustainable development, public health, climate change, government support, and public participation. These clusters represent different aspects of science, technology, and innovation policy making.
The findings indicate that the articles published by Iranian researchers on science, technology and innovation policy making have received 924 citations. In other words, each of them received an average of 7.7 citations, and 77.59 percent of them were cited at least once. In addition, these articles have performed less than the global expectation by obtaining a category normalized citation impact equal to 0.92. Also, 79.38 percent of these scientific productions result from international collaborations, and the highest amount of collaboration has been done with researchers from the USA, England, Australia, and Canada.
Conclusion: The policy making process for science and technology is highly complex, with various factors such as world conditions, challenges, developments, trends, country origin, and territorial considerations contributing to this complexity. To promote sustainable development goals, science and technology policies should prioritize innovation and entrepreneurship, and governments should focus on supporting activities that contribute to economic prosperity in this field. Health is a crucial economic sector that not only directly impacts economic growth but also influences the development of other sectors. Policy makers in science and technology across different countries stress the importance of health research and the speedy implementation of new technologies like drugs, diagnostic tools, remote treatments, and medical equipment. Science, technology, and innovation play a vital role in sustainable development by assisting in the formulation and implementation of policies and laws related to climate change. These policies may involve setting standards, energy regulations, and taxes, utilizing tools to control pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, and protecting water resources and the environment. The government is a key player in science and technology policy making, particularly in developing countries, where they align with the priorities of the nation using policy tools. These policy tools, also known as governing tools, are measures employed by the government to achieve policy objectives. Public participation in science and technology policy-making enables society to have a direct impact on policy and decision-making in this field. This fosters transparency, trust, and the empowerment of society in matters concerning science and technology, ultimately leading to the adoption of better policies, decisions, and positive outcomes for society.