تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی دانشگاهی حوزه نوآوری باز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، مدیریت سیستم‌ها، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مدیریت صنعتی و فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

4 استاد، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی حوزه نوآوری باز به‌منظور ترسیم ساختار فکری و مفهومی این حوزه.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی علم‌سنجی بوده و از طریق تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی دانشگاهی انجام شده است. در این پژوهش 2099 سند حوزه نوآوری باز که در سال‌های 2003 تا 2018 در پایگاه وب آو ساینس منتشر شده‌اند مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. به‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از دو نرم‌افزار CitNetExplorer و VOSviewer استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها: از سال 2014 تعداد پژوهش‌های مرتبط با نوآوری باز افزایش چشمگیری داشته است. همچنین مفاهیم و موضوعات مرتبط با حوزه نوآوری باز تغییر چندانی نکرده است. 10 نشریه برتر این حوزه حدود 20 درصد استنادات و 10 مقاله 14 درصد کل استنادات را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. پیشینه نظری مشترک این حوزه در 4 خوشه و جریان‌های پژوهشی معاصر آن در 5 خوشه اصلی دسته‌بندی شده‌اند. ایالات متحده بیشترین تعداد اسناد مرتبط با نوآوری باز را منتشر کرده و ایران با 5 سند در رتبه 46 قرار دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نوآوری باز از موضوعاتی است که در حوزه‌های مختلفی کاربرد دارد. با توجه به نقش آن در بهزیستی افراد، رشد اقتصادی و بهبود محیط زیست لازم است توجه بیشتری به این حوزه و همکاری‌های بین‌المللی با دیگر کشورها شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Academic Social Networks of Open Innovation Field

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehran Badin Dahesh 1
  • Gholamali Tabarsa 2
  • Mostafa Zandieh 3
  • Mohammadreza Hamidizadeh 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Systems Management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Public Administration, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Business Management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Purpose:Analyzing social networks of open innovation field for drawing the intellectual and conceptual structure of this field.
Methodology: This research is applied research that has been done by academic social network analysis. In this research, 2099 documents of open innovation field that published between 2003-2018 in Web of Science were analyzed. We use CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer for analyzing data.
Findings: The number of studies in open innovation represents a sharp increase since 2014. Subjects and concepts that relate to open innovation have not been changed dramatically. Ten important journals received 20% of citations, and 14% of all citations pertain only to 10 articles. Common theoretical background categorized in 4 clusters and contemporary research streams categorized in 5 major clusters. The US has published the most documents in this field, and Iran is the 46th country with only five documents.
Conclusion: Open innovation paradigm has been applied in many areas and according to its role in wellbeing, economic growth, environmental improvement, and etc. more attention to this field is needed. Purposeful research and collaboration with other countries are necessary.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Open innovation
  • Innovation
  • Social network analysis
  • Bibliometric analysis
  • Academic social network
اکبری، مرتضی، الهام ذره‌پرور شجاع، حمید پاداش‌زیوه و شکوه‌السادات علی‌زاده مقدم. 1397. “تأثیر نوآوری باز واردشونده و خارج‌شونده بر عملکرد نوآوری در شرکت‌های فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات”. فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری 6 (2).
حاجی‌آخوندی، عباس، قاسم عموعابدینی، سید مجتبی خیام‌نکویی و امید امراله. 1398. “گزارش پایشی وضعیت شاخص‌های علم، فناوری و نوآوری جمهوری اسلامی اران”. تهران.
زندیان، فاطمه، علی مرادیان و محمد حسن‌زاده. 1398. “تحلیل شبکۀ همکاری علمی پژوهشگران حوزه پزشکی ایران با استفاده از شاخص‌های شبکه اجتماعی”. پژوهش‌نامه علم‌سنجی 5 (1): 99–116.
طبائیان، کمال، منطقی منوچهر، بامدادصوفی جهانیار و طباطبائیان سید حبیب‌اله. 1390. “بررسی میزان حمایت شرایط زمینه‌ای ایران از اتخاذ رویکرد نوآوری باز، (مطالعه موردی نظام نوآوری هوایی)”. بهبود مدیریت.
کاشانی، ابراهیم سوزنچی، حسین ارجینی و مهدی مقیدنیا. 1397. “ارائه چارچوبی برای سنجش نوآوری باز در صنایع دفاعی کشور”. فصلنامه بهبود مدیریت 12 (4).
مدهوشی، مهرداد و کریم کیاکجوری. 1396. “شناسایی موانع نوآوری باز در دانشگاه‌ها”. فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی آموزش علوم دریایی 11.
نرگسی، قاسم رمضان‌پور، علی داوری، راحله افراسیابی و بهاره زرگران‌یزد. 1393. “بررسی تأثیر عوامل درونی و بیرونی بر نوآوری باز”. فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری 2 (1).
Acs, Z. J., Anselin, L., & Varga, A. (2002). Patents and Innovation Counts as Measures of Regional Production of New Knowledge. Research Policy, 31, 1069–1085.
Adner, R. (2016). Ecosystem as Structure: An Actionable Construct for Strategy. Journal of Management, 43(1), 39–58.
Adner, R., & Kapoor, R. (2010). Value Creation in Innovation Ecosystems: How the Structure of Technological Interdependence Affects Firm Performance in New Technology Generations. Strategic Management Journal, 31(1), 306–333.
Baier-Fuentes, H., Merigó, J. M., Amorós, J. E., & Gaviria-Marín, M. (2019). International entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Overview. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(2), 385–429.
Ball, R., & Tunger, D. (2017). Science Indicators Revisited – Science Citation Index versus SCOPUS: A Bibliometric Comparison of Both Citation Databases. Information Services & Use, 26(4), 293–301.
Bauer, K., & Bakkalbasi, N. (2005). An Examination of Citation Counts in a New Scholarly Communication Environment. D-Lib Magazine, 11(09).
Bogers, M., & Lhuillery, S. (2011). A Functional Perspective on Learning and Innovation: Investigating the Organization of Absorptive Capacity. Industry and Innovation, 18(6), 581–610.
Bogers, M., Zobel, A. K., Afuah, A., Almirall, E., Brunswicker, S., Dahlander, L., … Ter Wal, A. L. J. (2017). The Open Innovation Research Landscape: Established Perspectives and Emerging Themes Across Different Levels of Analysis. Industry and Innovation, 24(1), 8–40.
Brunswicker, S., & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2015). Open Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): External Knowledge Sourcing Strategies and Internal Organizational Facilitators. Journal OfSmall Business Management, 53(4), 1241–1263.
Callon, M., Courtial, J.-P., Turner, W. A., & Bauin, S. (1983). From Translations to Problematic Networks: An Introduction to Co-word Analysis. Social Science Information, Vol. 22, pp. 191–235.
Carvalho, M. M., Fleury, A., & Lopes, A. P. (2013). An Overview of the Literature on Technology Roadmapping (TRM): Contributions and Trends. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(7), 1418–1437.
Chesbrough, H. W. (2003a). Open Innovation : The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting From Technology. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press.
Chesbrough, H. W. (2003b). The Era of Open Innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), 35–42.
Chesbrough, H. W. (2003c). The Logic of Open Innovation: Managing Intellectual Property. California Management Review, 45(3), 33–58.
Chesbrough, H. W. (2006a). Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape. Harvard Business Review Press.
Chesbrough, H. W. (2006b). Open Innovation: A New Paradigm for Understanding Industrial Innovation. In H. W. Chesbrough, W. Vanhaverbeke, & J. West (Eds.), Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chesbrough, H. W., & Appleyard, M. M. (2007). Open Innovation and Strategy. California Management Review, 50(1).
Chesbrough, H. W., & Crowther, A. K. (2006). Beyond High Tech: Early Adopters of Open Innovation in Other Industries. R&D Management, 36(3), 229–236.
Chesbrough, H. W., Vanhaverbeke, W., & West, J. (Eds.). (2006). Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chiang, Y.-H., & Hung, K.-P. (2010). Exploring Open Search Strategies of Inter-organizational Knowledge Performance From the Perspective and Perceived Innovation Flow. R&D Management, 40(3).
Christensen, J. F., Olesen, M. H., & Kjær, J. S. (2005). The Industrial Dynamics of Open Innovation—Evidence from the Transformation of Consumer Electronics. Research Policy, 34, 1533–1549.
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989). Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R & D. The Economic Journal, 99(397), 569–596.
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128–152.
Cooper, R. G. (2008). Perspective: The Stage-Gates Idea-to-Launch Process—Update, What’s New, and NexGen Systems. Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 25, pp. 213–232.
CornellUniversity, INSEAD, & WIPO. (2019). Global Innovation Index 2019: Creating Healthy Lives, The Future of Medical Innovation (12th Editi; S. Dutta, B. Lanvin, & S. Wunsch-Vincent, Eds.). Geneva, Switzerland.
Dahlander, L., & Gann, D. M. (2010). How Open is Innovation? Research Policy, 39, 699–709.
de Paulo, A. F., Carvalho, L. C., Costa, M. T. G. V., Lopes, J. E. F., & Galina, S. V. R. (2017). Mapping Open Innovation: A Bibliometric Review to Compare Developed and Emerging Countries. Global Business Review, 18(2), 291–307.
de Paulo, A. F., & Porto, G. S. (2017). Solar Energy Technologies and Open Innovation: A Study Based on Bibliometric and Social Network Analysis. Energy Policy, 108, 228–238.
Della Corte, V., Del Gaudio, G., Sepe, F., & Sciarelli, F. (2019). Sustainable Tourism in the Open Innovation Realm: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(21).
Dittrich, K., & Duysters, G. (2007). Networking as a Means to Strategy Change: The Case of Open Innovation in Mobile Telephony. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24(6), 510–521.
Dodgson, M., Gann, D., & Salter, A. (2006). The Role of Technology in the Shift Towards Open Innovation: The Case Proctor & Gamble. R&D Management, 36(3), 333–346.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550.
Enkel, E., Gassmann, O., & Chesbrough, H. (2009). Open R&D and Open Innovation: Exploring the Phenomenon. R&D Management, 39(4), 311–316.
Frambach, R. T., & Schillewaert, N. (2002). Organizational Innovation Adoption: A Multi-Level Framework of Determinants and Opportunities for Future Research. Journal of Business Research, 55, 163–176.
Gassmann, O. (2006). Opening Up the Innovation Process: Towards an Agenda. R&D Management, 36(3), 223–228.
Gassmann, O., Enkel, E., & Chesbrough, H. (2010). The Future of Open Innovation. R&D Management, 40(3), 213–221.
Gibbons, M., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., & Trow, M. A. (1994). The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies. Sage Publication.
Gomes, L. A. de V., Facin, A. L. F., Salerno, M. S., & Ikenami, R. K. (2018). Unpacking the Innovation Ecosystem Construct: Evolution, Gaps and Trends. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 30–48.
Henkel, J. (2006). Selective Revealing in Open Innovation Processes. Research Policy, 35, 953–969.
Hossain, M., Islam, K. M. Z., Abu Sayeed, M., & Kauranen, I. (2016). A comprehensive review of open innovation literature. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 7(1), 2–25.
Huang, H.-C., Lai, M.-C., Lin, L.-H., & Chen, C.-T. (2013). Overcoming Organizational Inertia to Strengthen Business Model Innovation: An Open Innovation Perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 26(6), 977–1002.
Huizingh, E. K. R. E. (2011). Open Innovation: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Technovation, 31, 2–9.
Jackson, D. (2011). What is an innovation Ecosystem? Retrieved from http://erc-assoc.org/sites/default/files/topics/policy_studies/DJackson_Innovation Ecosystem_03-15-11.pdf
Jarneving, B. (2007). Bibliographic Coupling and its Application to Research-front and other Core Documents. Journal of Informetrics, 1, 287–307.
Jeppesen, L. B., & Lakhani, K. R. (2010). Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search. Organization Science, 21(5), 1–18.
Kessler, M. M. (1963). An Experimental Study of Bibliographic Coupling Between Technical Papers. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 9(1), 49–51.
Kessler, M. M. (1965). Comparison of the results of bibliographic coupling and analytic subject indexing. American Documentation, 16(3), 223–233.
Kong, X., Shi, Y., Yu, S., Liu, J., & Xia, F. (2019). Academic Social Networks: Modeling, Analysis, Mining and Applications. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 86–103.
Kovács, A., Van Looy, B., & Cassiman, B. (2015). Exploring the Scope of Open Innovation: A Bibliometric Review of a Decade of Research. Scientometrics, 104, 951–983.
Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2006). Open for Innovation: The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance Among U.K. Manufacturing Firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 131–150.
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. J. (2014). The Paradox of openness: Appropriability, External Search and Collaboration. Research Policy, 43, 867–878.
Le, H. T. T., Dao, Q. T. M., Pham, V. C., & Tran, D. T. (2019). Global Trend of Open Innovation Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Cogent Business and Management, 6(1).
Lee, S., Park, G., Yoon, B., & Park, J. (2010). Open Innovation in SMEs-An Intermediated Network Model. Research Policy, 39(2), 290–300.
Leppink, J., & Pérez-Fuster, P. (2019). Social Networks as an Approach to Systematic review. Health Professions Education, 5(3), 218–224.
Lichtenthaler, U. (2008). Open Innovation in Practice: An Analysis of Strategic Approaches to Technology Transactions. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 55(1), 148–157.
Liu, Z., Yin, Y., Liu, W., & Dunford, M. (2015). Visualizing the Intellectual Structure and Evolution of Innovation Systems Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Scientometrics, 103, 135–158.
Lopes, A. P. V. B. V., & de Carvalho, M. M. (2018). Evolution of the Open Innovation Paradigm: Towards a Contingent Conceptual Model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 132, 284–298.
Lundvall, B.-Å. (2007). National Innovation Systems - Analytical Concept and Development Tool. Industry and Innovation, 14(1), 95–119.
Lundvall, B.-Å., Johnson, B., Andersen, E. S., & Dalum, B. (2002). National Systems of Production, Innovation and Competence Building. Research Policy, 31, 213–231.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71–87.
Markard, J., Raven, R., & Truffer, B. (2012). Sustainability Transitions: An Emerging Field of Research and its Prospects. Research Policy, 41, 955–967.
Marshakova-Shaikevich, I. (1973). System of Document Connections Based on References. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskaya Informatsiya Seriya 2-Informatsionnye Protsessy, 1973(6), 3–8.
Morgan, K. (2004). The Exaggerated Death of Geography: Learning, Proximity and Territorial Innovation Systems. Journal of Economic Geography, 4, 3–21.
Nelson, R. R. (1987). Understanding Technical Change as an Evolutionary Process. North-Holland.
Odriozola-Fernández, I., Berbegal-Mirabent, J., & Merigó-Lindahl, J. M. (2019). Open innovation in small and medium enterprises: a bibliometric analysis. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 32(5), 533–557.
Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M., Nájera-Sánchez, J.-J., & Mora-Valentín, E.-M. (2018). A Research Agenda on Open Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Co-Word Analysis. Administrative Sciences, 8(34).
Perianes-Rodriguez, A., Waltman, L., & van Eck, N. J. (2016). Constructing Bibliometric Networks: A Comparison Between Full and Fractional Counting. Journal of Informetrics, 10, 1178–1195.
Perkmann, M., & Walsh, K. (2007). University-industry Relationships and Open Innovation: Towards a Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 259–280.
Piller, F. T., & Walcher, D. (2006). Toolkits for Idea Competitions: A Novel Method to Integrate Users in New Product Development. R&D Management, 36(3), 307–318.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: Free Press.
Randhawa, K., Wilden, R., & Hohberger, J. (2016). A Bibliometric Review of Open Innovation: Setting a Research Agenda. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(6), 750–772.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Transaction Publishers, Piscataway.
Small, H. (1973). Co-citation in the Scientific Literature : A New Measure of the Relationship Between Two Documents. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 24(4), 265–269.
Smith, A., Voß, J. P., & Grin, J. (2010). Innovation Studies and Sustainability Transitions: The Allure of the Multi-level Perspective and its Challenges. Research Policy, 39(4), 435–448.
Suominen, A., Seppänen, M., & Dedehayir, O. (2018). A Bibliometric Review on Innovation Systems and Ecosystems: A Research Agenda. European Journal of Innovation Management.
Teece, D. J. (1986). Profiting From Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy. Research Policy, 15, 285–305.
Teece, D. J., Gary, P., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic Capabilites and Strategic Management.pdf. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533.
Teece, D., & Pisano, G. (1994). The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms: An Introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3, 537–556.
Terwiesch, C., & Xu, Y. (2008). Innovation Contests, Open Innovation, and Multiagent Problem Solving. Management Science, 54(9), 1529–1543.
Thomas, L. D. W., & Autio, E. (2012). Modeling the Ecosystem: A Meta-synthesis of Ecosystem and Related Literatures. DRUID Conference. Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K. (2005). Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change (Third Edit). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ulrich Lichtenthaler. (2011). Open Innovation: Past Research, Current Debates, and Future Directions. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(1), 75–93.
van de Vrande, V., de Jong, J. P. J., Vanhaverbeke, W., & de Rochemont, M. (2009). Open Innovation in SMEs: Trends, Motives and Management Challenges. Technovation, 29(6–7), 423–437.
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software Survey: VOSviewer, a Computer Program for Bibliometric Mapping. Scientometrics, 84, 523–538.
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2011). Text mining and visualization using VOSviewer. Retrieved from
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2014a). CitNetExplorer: A New Software Tool for analyzing and Visualizing Citation Networks. Journal of Informetrics, 8(4), 802–823.
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2014b). CitNetExplorer Manual. Leiden University.
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2014c). Visualizing Bibliometric Networks. In Measuring Scholarly Impact (pp. 285–320).
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2019). VOSviewer Manual 1.6.11. Retrieved from http://www.vosviewer.com/documentation/Manual_VOSviewer_1.5.4.pdf
Van Lancker, J., Mondelaers, K., Wauters, E., & Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2016). The Organizational Innovation System: A systemic framework for radical innovation at the organizational level. Technovation, 52–53, 40–50.
van Leeuwen, T. (2006). The Application of Bibliometric Analyses in the Evaluation of Social Science Research. Who Benefits from it, and why it is Still Feasible. Scientometrics, 66(1), 133–154.
von Hipple, E. (1988). The Sources of Innovation. Oxford University Press.
von Hipple, E. (2005). Democratizing Innovation. Cambridge, Massachusset: The MIT Press.
West, J., & Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 814–831.
West, J., & Bogers, M. (2016). Open Innovation: Current Status and Research Opportunities. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice.
West, J., & Gallagher, S. (2006). Challenges of Open Innovation: The Paradox of Firm Investment in Open-source Software. R&D Management, 36(3), 319–331.
Youtie, J., Kay, L., & Melkers, J. (2013). Bibliographic Coupling and Network Analysis to Assess Knowledge Coalescence in a Research Center environment. Research Evaluation, 22, 145–156.
Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension. The Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185–203.
Zupic, I., & Čater, T. (2015). Bibliometric Methods in Management and Organization. Organizational Research Methods, 18(3), 1–44.